A diverse landscape

Today’s consumers expect so much more from their beverages, which are increasingly targeted towards different sensations, specific use moments, demographics and genders. Beverages make promises to be fresh, natural, healthy, boost energy or no additional energy sharpen mental focus, and even shrink waistlines and improve bone and joint conditions. This all covered in a delicious product taste profile. Performance smoothies, protein waters and vitamin-based energy drinks are just some examples of fortified beverage products which are now commonplace on retail shelves.

While in previous years, the selection of fortified beverages was limited to shakes and smoothies, there is now an expanding range of products which falls into the functional category. For instance, it is now possible to fortify delicate bases, such as water, with whey protein and minerals, with minimal effect on overall taste and mouthfeel.
 

Perfecting the art

Beverages provide a great vehicle for fortification and added functionality, but this can bring formulation challenges, especially as many ingredients are known for being unpalatable. Adding calcium to beverages, for example, has historically been difficult due to its taste profile. Plus, the branched chain amino acid structure of protein molecules and vitamins means it can often be difficult to create a smooth-tasting beverage. As such, there are several considerations developers must take into account before they begin formulating a new product.
 

Ingredient interaction

Ingredient interaction is a complex and evolving area of food chemistry, but being able to understand how the different components interact with each other is important during new product formulation. Teaming nutrients with a mix of sweeteners, colours, flavours and stabilisers, for example, can trigger a number of chemical interactions; some of which are desirable, while others should be avoided. Either way, these interactions can significantly affect the product’s overall quality, often impacting colour, taste, pH, texture, appearance and/or stability.
 

Processing parameters

It is well known that processing parameters, such as temperature and concentration, can significantly impact the rate of reaction between molecules when formulating beverages. An increase in temperature can stimulate undesired ingredient interactions – and ultimately, unstable end products. Temperature can also affect the solubility of salts within the formulation. Generally, salts increase their solubility at increasing temperatures.

Similarly, the concentration of a beverage can impact the behaviour and interaction of the electrolytes within it. As more companies are producing premixes to ship their products around the world, there is a greater risk of interaction between components at higher concentrations. As a result, formulators are challenged to create products which remain stable in application, as well as their concentrated form.
 

pH and titratible acidity

Beverage stability and flavour can also be affected by pH and titratible acidity. Using the right acidulants can help with this, by adding sourness, as well as controlling humectant and imparting anti-microbial properties for increased shelf life. But each acidulant has an influence on flavour profile, so they must be chosen wisely to fit the beverage. Lactic acid, for example, matches well with red fruit flavours, such as cherry, strawberry, yoghurt, dairy and cola, and can be used to mask the lingering effects of high intensity sweeteners.
 

Osmolality

When formulating sports drinks, osmolality is essential in predicting the osmotic behaviour of the liquid – or the number of particles dissolved in a kilogram of fluid. In this category, osmolality is dependent on carbohydrate type and concentration, as well as electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium. As a result, there are three stages or solutions a sports drink can be defined as: isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic. By varying the osmolality of sports drinks, formulators can tailor the core functional benefits.
 

Beverage modelling innovation

Given the demands placed on manufacturers for new products, there are increasing pressures to speed up and streamline the time to market – which can often be time-consuming. It can be difficult to predict the stability and pH of a beverage, for example, without creating many different samples. And if the taste and pH measures up, but the shelf life does not, it means going back to the drawing board. Beverage modelling has been gaining attention in the industry for its ability to increase speed-to-market and R&D efficiency, as well as reduce costs, without the need for multiple samples.
 

Increasing speed to market

Product testing can be a time intensive process and can make all the difference in whether a product is first to market. By performing scientific calculations instead of practical lab work, beverage modelling can reduce R&D time by up to 80 percent, guaranteeing fast and accurate results.(3) Unstable concepts can therefore be eliminated at an early stage. This removes the need for lengthy shelf life testing, which can sometimes take up to weeks or months, even when accelerated.
 

Increasing R&D efficiency

Performing scientific calculations to test a beverage formulation requires much less time than practical lab work. A beverage modelling program can be used to calculate pH, osmolality and ingredient interaction within minutes. Not only this, the effect of variable factors, such as concentration or temperature, on the same recipe, can be determined much more quickly than practical testing.
 

Reducing costs

In traditional product testing, each time a variable is modified (e.g. temperature), a new sample must be created to determine the effects of the change on the product. This can be incredibly costly. The beverage modelling process eliminates the need for multiple samples, by predicting the effect of a variable change on the product within minutes, which can reduce ingredient, equipment and labour costs.
 

A model future

As more consumers demand beverages with multiple benefits, manufacturers are increasingly developing new product brands, varieties and formats to deliver products that cater for a wide range of nutritional needs. With new opportunities in emerging markets and the number of functional ingredients multiplying, manufacturers are under pressure to create innovative products quickly and cost effectively, to stay ahead of the competition. Using beverage modelling tools, such as Corbion’s ELECSIS™ (Electrolytes Stability in Solution), can therefore help to fuel the beverage pipeline – and increase opportunities in the category.