EFSA has completed its re-evaluation of all food colours permitted for use in the EU before 2009.

For the final re-evaluation, EFSA experts concluded that available data on titanium dioxide (E 171) in food do not indicate health concerns for consumers, however they recommended new studies be carried out to fill data gaps on possible effects on the reproductive system, which could enable them to set an acceptable daily intake (ADI).

Over the past seven years, EFSAs Panel on Additives and Nutrient Sources Added to Food (ANS) has re-assessed the safety of 41 food colours, taking into account all available scientific studies and data. wher possible, the panel has established or updated an ADI for each substance.

Ruud Woutersen, vice chair of the ANS panel, says, "The completion of the food colour re-evaluations is an important milestone for EFSA, but our work does not stop here. There are still a considerable number of other food additives to be re-evaluated by 2020. And, of course, we are prepared to respond to any additional requests from the European Commission to review colours and other additives in the light of newly available scientific information."

Available toxicological data on titanium dioxide do not indicate adverse effects via oral ingestion. While the ANS panel was unable to set an ADI for titanium dioxide because of data limitations, using the margin of safety approach, they concluded that dietary exposure does not pose health concerns.