The EU and New Zealand have officially signed their Free Trade Agreement (FTA) after five years of negotiation. While the FTA liberalizes trade for all animal-based products, further stimulating animal agriculture in the EU and New Zealand, Eurogroup for Animals still welcomes that the beef quota is reserved for grass-fed animals.

This is only the second time the EU has negotiated an animal welfare condition in a trade agreement.

The controversial EU-Mercosur FTA introduced the first one concerning shelled eggs. Yet the volume of shelled eggs imported by the EU from the Mercosur countries is relatively low. 

Support for exclusion of meat from feedlots
In its new deal with New Zealand, the EU obtained an animal welfare condition for one of the animal products most traded between the partners. While New Zealand only had one feedlot built for exports to Japan, recently, there has been a push to establish new ones, and this condition in the FTA will ensure EU consumption is not responsible for that. 

Eurogroup for Animals says it “welcomes the explicit exclusion of meat derived from commercial feedlots from the list of products benefitting from preferential access thanks to the nclick="updateothersitehits(Articlepage,External,OtherSitelink,EU-New Zealand trade deal includes animal welfare conditions,EU-New Zealand trade deal includes animal welfare conditions,335486,https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/new-zealand/eu-new-zealand-agreement/text-agreement_en, article,EU-New Zealand trade deal includes animal welfare conditions);return no_reload();">FTA,” also based on sustainability reasons.”

In addition to being a significant source of pollution, feedlots are detrimental to animals as they suffer from respiratory and digestive diseases, which are the leading causes of cattle death under such rearing conditions.

So far, EU trade policy has been blind to the unsustainable methods of production it can stimulate abroad, including the development of feedlots, addresses Eurogroup for Animals.

“This trade agreement shows the EU can condition relevant trade flows to higher animal welfare standards. The EU should apply this approach to all animal products in FTAs, and negotiate ambitious animal welfare conditions with all trading partners, including Mercosur countries,”  comments Reineke Hameleers, CEO of Eurogroup for Animals. 

“Why would it be sustainable to include meat derived from commercial feedlots in the quota granted in the EU-Mercosur agreement when it’s not sustainable to do so with New Zealand? Especially as feedlots are a much more common production method in Mercosur countries.”

“Aspirational” language on animal welfare debated
Apart from this condition on preferential market access for beef, the FTA, like many others, includes a chapter on animal welfare cooperation. 

Yet, the language used in this chapter remains “aspirational,” claims Eurogroup for Animals, and the impact of such wording will only depend on the political willingness of the EU and New Zealand to work on this together. 

The language on animal welfare has been separated from the chapter on Sustainable Food Systems (SFS), contrary to most recent EU FTAs. This means that in that chapter, no mention is made of animal welfare or the close connections between animal welfare and public and environmental well-being. 

This creates silos that can be harmful and create detrimental trade-offs for animals. 

The EU-New Zealand FTA has also been praised for being the first EU trade deal integrating sanctions in its Trade and Sustainable Development (TSD) chapter. 

Eurogroup for Animals says “while this is welcome, it does not change the intrinsic issue that if the language used in such a chapter is often non-committal, which is the case for provisions related to wild and aquatic animals, no violation can be found.”

Introducing animal welfare-based conditions in FTAs, as the EU did with New Zealand, is one option to avoid the EU further externalizing its animal welfare concerns. 

However, as negotiations of trade agreements can be long and arduous, Eurogroup for Animals calls on the European Commission to seize the unique opportunity offered by the revision of the EU’s animal welfare legislation to propose the inclusion of all animal products placed on the EU market, regardless of their origin, within its scope.